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Bette Davies in ‘Beyond the Forest’ (USA 1949, dir: King Vidor)
Source: Deutsche Kinemathek, © 1949 Warner Bros. All Rights Reserved
King Vidor
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Retrospective of the 70th Berlin International Film Festival
The Retrospective of the 70th Berlin International Film Festival will be dedicated to the American film director, producer, and screenwriter King Vidor (1894–1982) who holds a central place in the history of US cinema. Considered a key director towards the end of the silent era and in the Golden Age of Hollywood, Vidor left a lasting mark, combining his interest in social engagement with the desire to explore in depth the potential of cinematic language.
Film selection
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James Murray, Eleanor Boardman, Estelle Clark and Bert Roach in ‘The Crowd’ (USA, 1928, directed by King Vidor)
© 1928 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved
Film selection
The Retrospective program includes 35 films from five decades. They are to be presented in the best possible quality – for the most part on 35mm prints. Five of King Vidor’s films received Oscar nominations for Best Director: ‘The Crowd’ (1928), ‘Hallelujah’ (1929), ‘The Champ’ (1931), ‘The Citadel’ (1938) and ‘War and Peace’ (1956). In 1978, in tribute of his versatility and innovative powers, King Vidor received an Oscar, the Honorary Award for Outstanding Lifetime Achievement.
His masterful choreography of mass scenes in ‘The Crowd’, ‘The Big Parade’ (1925), and ‘War and Peace’ are still impressive today, as is his joy in experimenting with sound and rhythm: in ‘Hallelujah’, his first sound film – which is also regarded as one of the first big studio productions with an all African-American cast – he incorporated influences from contemporary jazz music.
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Henry Fonda, Audrey Hepburn and Mel Ferrer in ‘War and Peace’ (I/USA, 1956, directed by King Vidor)
© Image courtesy of Park Circus/Paramount
Cinema art across genre boundaries
Vidor’s cinematic oeuvre consists of more than fifty films. They range from silent film classics and works on socio-political topics, such as ‘The Crowd’ (1928), to films depicting social upheaval, as in ‘Our Daily Bread’ (1934), as well as the Western ‘Duel in the Sun’ (1946) and the epic literary adaption for the screen ‘War and Peace’ (1956). His breakthrough came in 1925 with ‘The Big Parade’. It is considered the first critical film about World War I, and has turned into a tremendous success for the newly founded MGM Studios.
Vidor shot ‘Billy the Kid’ (1930), his second Western, in black-and-white on 35 mm as well as 70 mm film – long before this wide-screen format had reached its zenith. His six dazzlingly opulent color films, such as ‘Northwest Passage’ (1940), ‘Man Without a Star’ (1955), and ‘Solomon and Sheba’ (1959), were all shot in Technicolor. Vidor developed his art across many genres and was at all times interested in technical innovations – not to mention, his devotion in working with the most important actors of his time.
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Nina Mae McKinney and Daniel L. Haynes in ‘Hallelujah’ (USA, 1929, directed by King Vidor)
© 1929 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved
Highlights and dark sides
King Vidor was acquainted with both the bright and dark sides of the film industry and worked his impressions into ‘Show People’ (1928). In it, Marion Davies gives a brilliant performance as an unknown slapstick performer who rises to become a movie diva. Issues related to class, as well as upward and downward social mobility play a crucial role in Vidor’s films, as do immigration and social integration. The latter is dealt with in a nuanced and often humorous manner in films such as ‘Street Scene’ (1931), ‘The Wedding Night’ (1935), ‘An American Romance’ (1944), and ‘Japanese War Bride’ (1952).
On the other hand, in ‘The Champ’ (1931), ‘Stella Dallas’ (1937), as well as ‘Ruby Gentry’ (1953), he illuminates from many sides the inner life of characters who set out in search of their identity between the different echelons of society. He often engaged his favorite actors for several films. Under his care, the following stars gave stunning screen performances: Gary Cooper, Joseph Cotten, Marion Davies, Bette Davis, Henry Fonda, John Gilbert, Lillian Gish, Audrey Hepburn, Jennifer Jones, and Gregory Peck.
The Films of the Retrospective
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An American Romance
USA, 1944, directed by King Vidor
Brian Donlevy, Ann Richards
© 1944 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved., source: George Eastman Museum, RochesterFrom mineworker to manufacturing mogul. A mixture of family chronicle and economic documentary, the film follows the ascent of a European immigrant to the US from the early 20th century through the bombing of Pearl Harbor in December 1941.
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Bardelys the Magnificent
USA, 1926, directed by King Vidor
restored version 2008John Gilbert, Roy D’Arcy
© Lobster FilmsIn the 17th century, a cavalier at the French court makes a wager that he can win the affections of a beautiful, but prickly member of the landed gentry. King Vidor’s sumptuous swashbuckler tells the story of a romantic adventure with ease and irony.
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Billy the Kid
USA, 1930, directed by King Vidor
Wallace Beery (left)
© 1930 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.In New Mexico, a bloody feud erupts between settlers and a criminal cattle baron, with Billy the Kid and his revolver playing a decisive role. This raw western set in magnificent landscapes was made before the restrictive Hays Code limits took effect.
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Beyond the Forest
USA, 1949, directed by King Vidor
Joseph Cotten, Bette Davis
© 1949 Warner Bros. All Rights Reserved., source: Deutsche KinemathekThe wife of a small town doctor yearns for big city life. When her lover shows up to take her to Chicago, she throws all scruples to the wind. An over-the-top film noir, with a heroine who is even more depraved than was already customary for the genre.
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Bud’s Recruit
USA, 1918, directed by King Vidor
restored versionWhile Reggie is a “slacker”, his younger brother Bud wants to do his patriotic duty and fight in World War I. He devises a way to turn Reggie into a war volunteer. This is the earliest surviving short film by King Vidor.
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Comrade X
USA, 1940, directed by King Vidor
Clark Gable, Hedy Lamarr
© 1940 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.In Stalin’s Moscow, an easy-going American journalist falls in love with a streetcar conductor who is a committed communist. A screwball comedy in the style of Ernst Lubitsch’s ‘Ninotchka’, the film is splendidly cast with Clark Gable and Hedy Lamarr.
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Cynara
USA, 1932, directed by King Vidor
Kay Francis, Ronald Colman
© Image courtesy of Park Circus/Samuel Goldwyn Jr. Family TrustA London barrister embarks on an extra-marital affair with a shopgirl, with fatal consequences. While he may think it no more than a mere dalliance, she takes their liaison much more seriously. A romantic tragedy.
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Duel in the Sun
USA, 1947, directed by King Vidor and William Dieterle
restored versionThis outsized Technicolor melodrama is a story of untamed love and unbridled hate on a Texas ranch. Producer David O. Selznick wanted King Vidor’s cult western with Jennifer Jones to be even bigger than ‘Gone with the Wind’.
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Hallelujah
USA, 1929, directed by King Vidor
Nina Mae McKinney, Daniel L. Haynes
© 1929 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.A thrilling drama of jealousy about a sharecropper turned preacher after a murder. Traditional spirituals and blues music rhythmically underpin this first talkie by King Vidor, which features an almost entirely Black cast.
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H. M. Pulham, Esq.
USA, 1941, directed by King Vidor
Van Heflin, Robert Young, Hedy Lamarr
© 1941 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.The daily routines and the marriage of a Boston businessman are disrupted when a woman from his past turns up in the city. This drama about an “unlived life” is a plea for individual self-determination that transcends convention.
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Japanese War Bride
USA, 1952, directed by King Vidor
Shirley Yamaguchi, Cameron Mitchell
Source: Sammlung Cinémathèque suisse. All Rights Reserved.Returning from the Korean War, an American soldier brings his Japanese bride with him. Back home in a small California town, they face xenophobic hostility. An anti-racist B movie with a dramatic plot that is a plea for cross-cultural marriage.
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La Bohème
USA, 1926, directed by King Vidor
John Gilbert, Lillian Gish
© 1926 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.In the Latin Quarter of Paris, the penniless playwright Rodolphe falls in love with the even more destitute seamstress Mimi. This poignant melodrama, starring Lillian Gish and John Gilbert, is based on Giacomo Puccini’s famed opera.
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Lightning Strikes Twice
USA, 1951, directed by King Vidor
Richard Todd, Ruth Roman
© 1951 Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. All Rights Reserved.An actress falls in love with a Texas rancher who has narrowly escaped death row after being tried for the murder of his wife. She is uncertain whether to believe in his innocence. A romantic thriller set on the rough Texas plains.
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Our Daily Bread
USA, 1934, directed by King Vidor
Barbara Pepper, Tom Keene
© Lobster Films, source: Deutsche KinemathekA group of unemployed city folk and landless workers run a community farm. With a nod to the New Deal, King Vidor counters the glamour of Hollywood with compelling images of the reality in the USA in the wake of the Great Depression.
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Ruby Gentry
USA, 1952, directed by King Vidor
Charlton Heston, Jennifer Jones
Source: Deutsche KinemathekA young woman in a small coastal town takes revenge on her childhood sweetheart after he spurns her to marry a rich heiress. It was the second time, after ‘Duel in the Sun’ that King Vidor cast Jennifer Jones in the role of a provocative woman.
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Show People
USA, 1928, directed by King Vidor
restored versionSidney Bracy, Marion Davies, Ray Cooke
© 1928 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved., source: Deutsche KinemathekAfter her first successful comedy, starlet Peggy Pepper becomes a star of serious dramas. The film is a tumultuous homage to the early Hollywood of paste-on moustaches and cream pies in the face, starring fabulous comedienne Marion Davies.
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Solomon and Sheba
USA, 1959, directed by King Vidor
Gina Lollobrigida, Yul Brynner
© Image courtesy of Park Circus/MGMThe Egyptian pharaoh allows the queen of Sheba to go to Jerusalem to beguile Solomon, the king of Israel, with her wiles. An opulent widescreen spectacle full of intrigue, equestrian battles, and sensual delights, with Gina Lollobrigida and Yul Brynner.
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So Red the Rose
USA, 1935, directed by King Vidor
Margaret Sullavan, Randolph Scott
© Courtesy of Universal Studios Licensing, LLC., source: Sammlung Cinémathèque suisseDuring the Civil War, events force the spoiled daughter of a Mississippi plantation owner to evolve into a responsible young woman. The atmospheric southern drama is considered a forerunner of the more popular ‘Gone With the Wind’.
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Stella Dallas
USA, 1937, directed by King Vidor
Barbara Stanwyck
© Image courtesy of Park Circus/Samuel Goldwyn Jr. Family Trust, source: Sammlung Cinémathèque suisse,A factory worker’s daughter hopes to better herself socially. Later, she will give up everything for her own daughter to achieve that. At the centre of this classic melodrama is a complex female character, equal parts self-sacrifice and triumph.
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Street Scene
USA, 1931, directed by King Vidor
restored versionGeorge Humbert, Beulah Bondi (front), Matt McHugh, Eleanor Wesselhoeft
Source: Österreichisches FilmmuseumThe talkative residents of a New York City tenement while away the time on the building’s stoop, while inside, a tragedy is unfolding. With a cast featuring a number of émigrés, King Vidor created a metropolitan symphony of the spoken word.
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The Big Parade
USA, 1925, directed by King Vidor
restored version 2004John Gilbert
© 1925 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved., source: Sammlung Cinémathèque suisseThree young men from New York experience the horrors of World War I in the French trenches. With scenes in King Vidor’s silent film showing an anti-war bent, its radical naturalism was a key influence on anti-war films to follow.
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The Champ
USA, 1931, directed by King Vidor
Wallace Beery, Jackie Cooper
© 1931 Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. All Rights Reserved.With the support of his young son, a dissolute former heavyweight boxing champion tries to make a comeback. King Vidor’s homage to Charlie Chaplin’s ‘The Kid’ provides a mighty pull on the heartstrings. The film won two Oscars.
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The Citadel
GB/USA, 1938, directed by King Vidor
Robert Donat (center)
© 1938 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.An idealistic young doctor in a Welsh mining town despairs at the workers’ miserable conditions. He moves to London, where he ends up treating rich hypochondriacs. King Vidor’s drama became an exemplar for the social realism of British post-war cinema.
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The Crowd
USA, 1928, directed by King Vidor
James Murray
© 1928 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved., source: Österreichisches FilmmuseumAn acclaimed silent film about the very average life of a New York office clerk and the blows fate delivers to his family. Featuring street scenes shot partially with a hidden camera, the film anticipated the neo-realism of the 1940s.
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The Fountainhead
USA, 1949, directed by King Vidor
Henry Hull, Gary Cooper
© Image courtesy of Park Circus / Warner Bros., source: Österreichisches FilmmuseumAn architect refuses to compromise the integrity of his modern designs. The conflicts that result drive this “experimental masterpiece of commercial film” (Heinz Emigholz) to great heights – in the strictest sense of the term.
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Man Without a Star
USA, 1955, directed by King Vidor
Kirk Douglas
© Courtesy of Universal Studios Licensing, LLC., source: Deutsche KinemathekDuring a range war, a drifter and cowboy finds himself caught between two fronts – small ranchers trying to protect their land with barbed wire, and the ambitious and beautiful lady rancher. A late western about land grabbing in the wild west.
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Northwest Passage
USA, 1940, directed by King Vidor, Jack Conway and Harold Weinberger
Spencer Tracy, Walter Brennan, Robert Young
© 1940 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved.About 1760, a young painter joins a punitive mission against Native Americans. He is unprepared for the terrible hardships and a massacre along the way. Spencer Tracy is impressive as the shady ranger Robert Rogers in this Technicolor western.
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The Other Half
USA, 1919, directed by King Vidor
ZaSu Pitts
Source: Deutsche KinemathekReturning from World War I, the heir to a steel mill wants to exercise the class solidarity he learned in the trenches. But ultimately, he follows his father’s advice of “no sentiment” in business, an attitude that turns his fiancée against him.
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The Patsy
USA, 1928, directed by King Vidor
restored versionMarion Davies, Jane Winton, Marie Dressler
© 1928 Turner Entertainment Co. All Rights Reserved., source: Deutsche KinemathekYoung Pat is in love with her older sister’s beau. To attract his attention, she wants to “get some personality”, a premise rife with comedic promise. Marion Davies steals the show with her Chaplinesque cavorting in this light comedy.
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The Real Adventure
USA, 1922, directed by King Vidor
restored version 2011Florence Vidor, Philip Ryder
Source: La Cinémathèque de ToulouseA young wife leaves her wealthy husband to pursue a career, determined to prove herself an equal partner. In this early silent directed by her husband, Florence Vidor embodies with verve an emancipated heroine.
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The Sky Pilot
USA, 1921, directed by King Vidor
digitally restored version 2020Source: Library of Congress
A preacher in the wild west proves himself as a boxer and cowboy. This unusual snowbound western combines exciting action and serious soul-searching in a film whose heroes prove to be a cowgirl and a Native American servant.
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The Texas Rangers
USA, 1936, directed by King Vidor
Jack Oakie (left)
Courtesy of Universal Studios Licensing, LLC., source: Filmarchiv AustriaFrom a group of three outlaws, two join the Texas Rangers to garner inside information for their raids. This black-and-white western boasts grandiose location cinematography of the unforgiving encounter between civilisation and savage natural landscapes.
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The Wedding Night
USA, 1935, directed by King Vidor
Gary Cooper, Anna Sten
© Image courtesy of Park Circus / Samuel Goldwyn Jr. Family Trust, source: Sammlung Cinémathèque suisseA married writer falls in love with a Polish immigrant. He is not deterred by the fact that her father has already arranged her marriage to a fellow Pole. A tragic conflict ensues in King Vidor’s prize-winning drama.
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War and Peace
I/USA, 1956, directed by King Vidor
Audrey Hepburn, Mel Ferrer
© Image courtesy of Park Circus/ParamountAudrey Hepburn and Henry Fonda star in this visually opulent period film, based on Leo Tolstoy’s epic novel. It chronicles the lives and loves of the Russian aristocracy against the backdrop of the fight against Napoleon’s invasion from 1805 to 1812.
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Wine of Youth
USA, 1924, directed by King Vidor
Gertrude Claire, Eleanor Boardman, Eulalie Jensen, E. J. Ratcliffe
© 1924 Warner Bros. Entertainment, Inc. All Rights Reserved., source: Sammlung Cinémathèque suisseIn order to choose between two suitors, a young woman decides on a brief “test marriage”. This triggers a severe crisis at home with her parents. This generational drama is also a resounding celebration of the Jazz Age.
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